C. Bonner, Amulets Chiefly in the British Museum, Hesperia 20, 1951, 301-345, no. 51.
Obv.
λιμός σε ἔσπιρε
ν ἀὴρ ἐθέρισεν φλ
έψ <σ>ε κατέφαγεν τί
ὡς λύκος μασᾶσε τί
ὡς κορκόδυλλος κα
ταπίννις τί ὡς λέω
ν ορωχις τί ὡς ταῦρ
ος κερατίζις τί ὡς δ
ράκωνv εἱλίσσι τί ὡ
ς παρᾶος κυμᾶσε
Below, in center, upper part of a human figure, apparently female, both hands raised, nimbus round head; on each side a lion, the one on the r. side indistinct.
"Hunger sowed you, air harvested you, vein devoured you. Why do you munch like a wolf, why do you devour like a crocodile, why do you bite (or, "roar"?) like a lion, why do you gore like a bull, why do you coil like a serpent, why do you lie down like a tame creature?"
Critical notes and comment at the end of this entry.
Rev.
ἵππος, μῦλος,
εἶβις, ἐθυῖα κο
λε῀ ἀνδρός, στρουθ
οκάμηλος Ἀπόλλω
. ιοσοτοιδηευς
δουλιασουσατερ
παυλινας παυιο
ωσωεη ... ηο .ηι
Below, indistinct design of a four footed animal treading on a snake. "Horse, mule, ibis, phallus, ostrich, Apollo"; the rest unintelligible, though the last line but one seems to contain the name Pauling, and in the preceding line it is just possible that δούλη σου, " thy slave" was in the engraver's copy.
Bronze pendant with suspension loop. Height over all 54; without loop, 40 x 29.
The reading of the inscriptions is very difficult not only because of the minute and crowded writing but also because several letters are not carefully distinguished. The tongue of epsilon is often omitted, and both sigma and epsilon are then represented by a shallow curve. Pi and mu are much alike, also eta and nu. Omicron is narrow, often pointed at top and bottom, and sometimes hard to distinguish from a thick iota. The usual vulgar faults in orthography are present in exaggerated form, and the substance of the texts is so trivial, not to say silly, that a reader scarcely knows what to expect.
The obverse text begins with a charm which might be referred to the form called by Heim,
Ιncantamenta magica, p. 495 (/I]Jahrb. f. Philol., XIX),
historiola, a short narrative, often of a childish sort, which was believed to be an effective remedy against certain ills. It differs from most of Helm's
historiolae in that it seems to be addressed to the disease itself, just as is the remainder of the text from τι (line 3) to the end. This latter part is another version of an incantation known from several sources of Byzantine date. Drexler's masterly treatment of it in
Philol., 58 (1899), pp. 594 607 makes discussion of it here unnecessary. It may be observed that the version on the Β.Μ. pendant is fuller than any hitherto published, and differs from them in another respect, namely, that the clauses are questions introduced by τί, not statements. The following critical notes are required by the corrupt character of the language.
1. Read ἔσπειρεν. 2. The pendant has ΑΛΙΡ; Η was wrongly read as N, which, carelessly incised, gave ΛI. 3. Haplography due to the s sound in Ψ . 4. μασᾶσε, for μασᾶσαι (read by H. C. Youtie), like κυμᾶσε (κοιμᾶσαι) in line 10, has the late full ending instead of the contract forms μασᾷ, κοιμᾷ. (Kühner Blass, II, 69 Anm. 5). 5. Another of the numerous vulgar spellings of κροκόδιλος; see LSJ. 6. Read καταπίνεις. 7. ορωχις accurately represents the appearance of this word, though the ο is exceptionally narrow. The Byzantine amulets that preserve similar texts usually read βρυχᾶσαι, " roar," after λέων, and it is probable that the first letter was meant for β, since in both papyri and inscriptions of Roman times that letter was sometimes represented by an ellipse or a narrow oblong; see the table in Thompson,
Palaeography, p. 192; Schubart,
Palaeographie, p. 72, fig. 44; and Larfeld,
Handbuch der griech. Epigraphik, II, pp. 488, 506. But there are still difficulties. If we suppose ω to be merely a blunder for υ, βρύχεις must be referred to βρύκω (βρύχω), " bite, gnash the teeth, devour." βρώχεις seems to be impossible; one could perhaps imagine βρώχω to be a byform of βρόχω, "gulp down," " swallow," but the verb is not attested in the present system. Besides, it is used of swallowing liquids, and hence is less to be expected in describing a characteristic action of lions. 9. Read εἱλίσσει. 10. Read πρᾶος. This is an interesting instance of vocalic anaptyxis, an alpha being developed as a sort of glide sound between the mute and the liquid. Epsilon and iota so developed are attested in papyri (Mayser,
Gram., I, p. 155), and it is probably only by chance that anaptyxis of alpha has not been observed elsewhere.
The first four lines of the reverse inscription are a charm consisting of the names of things hostile to the Evil Eye. See
SMA,
p. 215 and the authorities there cited; further discussion here is unnecessary. Read μοῦλος, ἶβις, εὐθεῖα κωλῆ, Ἀπόλλων. I can add nothing to the statement above concerning the last lines.
This account of
Β.Μ. 56324 /CBd-813/ supersedes that in
SMA,
p. 217, which was based upon a reading of the original, but tinder unsatisfactory conditions of lighting. The notes made then have now been supplemented and corrected with the help of excellent casts, which I owe to the courtesy of the Museum and the skill of its technician.